Union of Communists of Ukraine, Letter from the Union of Communists of Ukraine to comrades from the Russian Communist Workers' Party
At this critical moment, when the instigators of imperialist war managed to pit the peoples of the two, until recently, fraternal republics that founded the Soviet Union, the Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, against each other. The republics which made the greatest contribution to its great deeds - industrialization, the victory over German Nazism, conquest of outer space, development of unique Soviet social relationships, creation of the outstanding Soviet culture - we address to you, the rank-and file communists, who are just like us do not seek comfortable seats in the Duma, Verkhovna Rada, or local parliaments; who do not wait for any approval of those in power; with whom we βwill share the glory", and to whom "socialism, built in battles, will be a common memorial".
For almost three decades, professing the principles of proletarian internationalism, revolutionary Marxism and historical continuity, the Union of Communists of Ukraine has been both an ally and a structural unit of the Russian Communist Workers' Party.
We were together when, within the Communist Initiative Movement and the Marxist Platform in the CPSU in the early 1990s, we tried but failed to save the Party and our Soviet Motherland from destruction. Together we share this historical guilt of failing to raise the people to fight and both of us bear the worst possible punishment - the loss of our socialist Motherland.
Over the next two decades we stayed together, though each in his own shard of the USSR , at rallies and demonstrations, at factory checkpoints, in pickets, at lectures in labor collectives; in our personnel apartments, turned into editorial offices for producing leaflets, bulletins, the magazine Marxism and Modernity, the newspaper Workers' Russia, and other publications.
We were one in our not recognizing as communist the parliamentary parties of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Communist Party of Ukraine; debunking their political conformism and ideological revisionism. We were united in denouncing these parties as opportunist; both of us shared an assessment of them as "petty-bourgeois at the beck and call of the big bourgeoisie". Time has confirmed our common rightness: the road of these parties is the road of a gradual slide into the mire of bourgeois parliamentarism and rejection of class principles; the names of their leaders have become nominal, symbolizing the betrayal of the cause of the proletariat.
We were united in our assessments and actions (albeit with some time lag on part of the RCWP leadership) when the Maidan roller went through Ukraine in 2014, towards which the working class Donbass rose and stopped the roller in its tracks. When the masses in the Donbass put forward pro-Soviet field commanders from their ranks who were organizers of combat units: people from the people - the very same Soviet people who, remaining loyal to their proletarian flair and the heroic tradition of the Donbas anti-fascist resistance, did not submit to the offensive of extreme reaction, paying the ultimate price for this - the lives of thousands of heroes.
Those members of the RCWP who had correctly assessed the situation in the heat of the moment, joined the Working Group and made a significant contribution to the anti-fascist resistance in Donbass both in word and deed: by making dozens of trips to its cities and front lines, by propagating Communist ideas, by setting up Communist groups and organizations, distributed communist press, and provided versatile assistance to fighters. The members of the Working group went to Donbass as if they went the workplace, and not out of idle curiosity, or as extreme 1 tourists - not to shoot at targets with combat weapons and have a drink or two from their hospitable hosts: our comrades travelled to Donbass under shelling, in the hot in 20-degree cold weather, under pouring rain and snow, sometimes across three borders, bending under the load of newspapers, magazines and warm clothes for the fighters, with the money collected by the workers. It is the fruit of their work, their contacts that are now being used by those who are hiding behind the opinion of some Donetsk and Luhansk residents, still clinging to the cobweb of a ghostly hope for "Big Brother" to justify their support for the military aggression of the bourgeois Russian Federation.
What is wrong with the leadership of the Russian Communist Worker's Party today? Where have revolutionary integrity, internationalism, conviction, and honesty gone? Where has communist honor gone? We feel ashamed watching after their political actions: entering into alliances with dubious and openly reactionary political forces, inconsistent, non-communist actions, leading the party to lose its image as a proletarian party. We are writing to you in the face of the imminent threat of a complete political degeneration of the RCWP, its definitive departure from its class positions and, therefore, an immediate threat of complete ideological degradation and the inevitable disintegration of the Party.
This degradation can also be traced on the level of personal morality of the leadership - the shameless manipulation of the name of Tamila Yabrova, Comrade Rose; attempts to hide behind her undeniable authority, bright name, and glorious deeds to support their, in our opinion, fundamentally erroneous position. Even in the eulogy published after her death, her name was used by the leadership to settle an old score with Cherepanov (it reads that Yabrova denounced the position of the RCWP, omitting, at the same time to mention that she equally blamed in this split the top leadership of RCWP as well); meanwhile in a Skype conversation with her in the presence of witnesses late 2020-early 2021 comrade Tyulkin made the offensive remark that she had allegedly "sold out to Cherepanov" (given that the Tyumen organization had helped publish βMarxism and the Present Dayβ journal, the only militant Marxist theoretical and practical journal in the entire post-Soviet space, on several occasions).
V.A. Tyulkin hopes that omrade Yabrova will no longer be able to prevent such manipulations, but this is not the case. All the Marxist dialectics of her approach in her assessments of world events and Party affairs, so fully and vividly realized in her speeches at internal Party and international theoretical events, in discussions with the leading figures of the international communist movement, show what position she would have taken now: the resolute condemnation of the imperialist war unleashed and the struggle with imperialism fraught with it.
Comrade Tyulkin is silent about the serious disagreements between the leadership of the RCWP and the UCU, which lasted all the last years of T. Yabrova's life - both in relation to theoretical work, organizational work, the emphasis on elections, and the half-hearted and inconsistent work with the Donbas comrades. These disagreements became so deep that Comrade Tyulkin announced that he was resigning from the editorial board of Marxism and the Present Day, and comrade Yabrova announced that she was resigning from the Central Committee. Moreover, having taken the situation in the Party hard, she raised the question several times before us whether the UCU should leave the RCWP, and each time she decided, for the sake of preserving the Party unity, to wait and try once again to change the minds of former like-minded comrades.
It is not for the first time in history that an imperialist war has become more than an ordeal - a watershed, approaching which both left-wing political figures and whole parties either fell into oblivion (such as the social democratic parties of the First World War times and the parliamentary 2 parties that emerged in the former Soviet republics in the 1990s), or stayed in line in the revolutionary battles.
A complete distortion of the COMINTERN Leninist doctrine of imperialist war and the position of the parties is the provisions put forward by the RCWP about "absolutely bad and not so bad imperialism". The RCWP leadership has picked up with unwavering stubbornness the slogan of "denazification" so skillfully manipulated by the Russian bourgeois authorities, who openly sympathize with fascist philosophers, politicians and war criminals. Is all this for the sake of a shameful pre-election alliance with the opportunist CPRF and KPU, and moreover - with the Limonovites and other reactionary and pro-fascist "patriotic" filth?
Comrades! By supporting such pseudo-denazification, you are supporting the destruction of Ukrainian cities and civilian infrastructure, and the deaths of civilians. Was this the military tactics of the Soviet Red Army during the liberation of Germany in 1945? No, it was diametrically opposed to the actions of the anti-Hitler coalition allies, who bombed dozens of German cities - Dresden, Hamburg, Magdeburg, Bonn, Dortmund, Miesburg, Nuremberg, etc. Today in Ukraine, dozens of cities have been destroyed or semi-destroyed as a result of the invasion: Kharkiv, Mariupol, Irpen, Volnovakha, Izyum, Popasna, Rubizhne, Severodonetsk, Artemivsk...
Who in Kyiv has been denazified by the destruction of the energy and water supply systems? The fascist Ukrainian authorities? Not at all - they are quite comfortable with their autonomous supply of any resources. The trouble is with the residents of the city, with the most unprotected ones: those who do not have personal transport, money savings, and especially health to bring water to the n-th floor of a Soviet high-rise without a working elevator, or to get hold of electric generators; those who have neither cottages, nor even small summer houses with ovens to get away from the city and wait out the cold. There are many such families in the capital, especially pensioners who were working in Soviet enterprises for most of their active lives and did not accepted the new Ukrainian nationalist "values".
What else do the patriotic "anti-fascist" pro-war advocates support? Do they happen to support the denial the right of the Ukrainian people to a national identity? Just like in Tsarist Russia, and not at all like in Soviet Russia. The RCWP has not officially commented on these disgusting passages of the Russian president.
We, the majority of the UCU, which the RCWP leadership has dubbed (sometimes several times on the same page) with the labels "backsliding from class positions", "opportunists", "anti-war advocates", etc., it is from a class-based, internationalist position that we declare:
We deny any such accusations against us, considering them to be a Jesuit turning from a sick head to a healthy one. We also consider it comradely unethical, even unacceptable, when in a discussion on the most serious fundamental issues of our time the opponents get personal, especially discuss the details of personal biographies with third parties at times when this threatens the personal safety of Ukrainian comrades.
We have exhausted possibilities for discussion with the party leadership of the RCWP (these have been attempted at several public international events and in personal correspondence). We have not received a single substantive response to our arguments, apart from the fact that we have "too many words" or the absolutely absurd and insulting accusation that we allegedly "wish defeat for Donbass".
We consider it impossible for us to remain in the ranks of a party that has tainted itself with the tactics of tailgating its bourgeois government and supports the fratricidal slaughter unleashed by 3 the imperialists in brutal competition for resources and political hegemony, in which the representatives of the proletariat on both sides of the front die in the first place.
We continue the struggle against imperialism in the ranks of the world communist movement. Above all, shoulder to shoulder with those revolutionary parties whose glorious history of intransigence in matters of agreement with the bourgeoisie and whose authority make it possible to mobilize the working masses for active action against the arms supplies that are fanning the hotbed of imperialist war on the territory of Ukraine.
We know that there are comrades in the RCWP who have a different point of view, and in case their position prevails, and the party changes its assessment of the current situation, and more importantly its current tactics, we will again be together in the service of the proletariat in the forms that correspond to the historical period in which we have had the opportunity to live and act. Till then our paths diverge.
Because of the repeated shift in the emphasis of the summer party schools from training for class battles to training for general and local elections - in simple terms, a shift from training for the future - to training for the moment - we take responsibility for the development, preparation, and implementation of party training for young comrades.
Comrades are kindly requested to take special note that since our former comrade in charge of the UCU website remains loyal to the RCWP leadership and posts materials that contradict our line of thought, this website is no longer the official site of the UCU. We have set up a new website called "Rosengarten" (Garden of Rose) at https://rosengartenjournal.com
Approved by decision of the general meeting of the UCU
03-28 November 2022.
ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Π’ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ! Π ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° β Π Π‘Π€Π‘Π ΠΈ Π£Π‘Π‘Π . Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ β ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΡΠΌΠ΅, ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π Π°Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΡ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΡΒ» ΠΎΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΈΡ , Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Β«ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΡΒ», ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΒ». Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π‘ΠΎΡΠ· ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π² ΠΠΠ‘Π‘ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 90Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΡΡ Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π β Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ , Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ , Π² ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ , Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ , Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, Π±ΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΡ Β«Π’ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π€ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ£, ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ , ΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈΒ». ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°, Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΠ Π), ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² 2014 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π°Π½Π°, Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° β ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ, Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ² Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ β ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΅Π². Π’Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π ΠΠ Π, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ: Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ β Π½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΡ-Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π², β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π² 20-Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ, ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠΉΡΠΎΠ², Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½, Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° Β«Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Β», Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π Π€. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ Π ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ? ΠΡΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ? ΠΡΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ? Π‘ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ β Π²Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄ Π ΠΠ Π ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° β Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π’Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π―Π±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ β ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ (ΠΌΠΎΠ», ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Π(Π±), ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π ΠΠ Π), Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΉΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ 2020-Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 2021 Π³Π³. ΡΠΎΠ². Π’ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ Β«ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΒ» (ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π» Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» β Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π» Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅). Π‘ Π»Π΅ΡΠ° 2022 Π³. ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π ΠΠ Π ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅. Π.Π―. Π’ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ². Π―Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π», ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ , Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ»Π° Π±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ: ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΌ. Π’ΠΎΠ². Π’ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ Π ΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ£, Π΄Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π’.Π. Π―Π±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ β ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ². Π’ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Π° ΡΠΎΠ². Π―Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π° β ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π¦Π. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ£ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π ΠΠ Π, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ β Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΡ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² 90-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ), Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠ²Π°Ρ . ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π ΠΠ Π ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Β«ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Β». Π ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π ΠΠ Π Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ½Π³ ΠΎ Β«Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π Π€, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. Π ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π€ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ£, ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, β Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Β«ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ» Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ? Π’ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ! ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² 1945 Π³? ΠΠ΅Ρ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β ΠΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π΅Π½, ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠ³, ΠΠ°Π³Π΄Π΅Π±ΡΡΠ³, ΠΠΎΠ½Π½, ΠΠΎΡΡΠΌΡΠ½Π΄, ΠΠΈΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³, ΠΡΡΠ½Π±Π΅ΡΠ³ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: Π₯Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π°, ΠΠ·ΡΠΌ, ΠΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊ, ΠΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊβ¦ ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΈΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ? Π€Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ? ΠΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ β ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ: Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° n-Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ; Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ». Π ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡ-Β«Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΒ»? ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π· ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ? Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΠ Π ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π Π€. ΠΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π‘ΠΠ£, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π ΠΠ Π ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ (ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π· Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅) ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Β«ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉΒ», Β«ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Β», Β«Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΠΏΡ., ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ: β ΠΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ΅Π·ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ. β ΠΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ Π (ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅). ΠΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½Π°Ρ Β«ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Β» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ, Β«ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π±Π°ΡΡΡΒ». β ΠΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π³Π΅Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°. β ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. β ΠΡ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π ΠΠ Π Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ β Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ. β ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΎΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ β ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ. - ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ Π‘ΠΠ£, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π ΠΠ Π ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΠ£. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Β» (Β«Π‘Π°Π΄ Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΒ») ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ https://rosengartenjournal.com
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